Economic and Social Research

Scientific publication

ISSN	2409-1073 (print) · 3033-5442 (online)
Periodicity	No. 1: March No. 2: June No. 3: September No. 4: December
Language of publication	Russian, English
Indexing and databases	РИНЦ ВАК К3

All journal information

Manuscript guidelines

BASIC REQUIREMENTS
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The minimum length of an article is 10 pages (from 20,000 to 40,000 characters); submissions of less than 7 pages (12,000 characters) are considered as short communications. Articles of more than 40,000 characters are published by agreement with the editorial board.

The ESGI journal page in the eLibrary database contains an archive of articles. Please use articles from recent issues as a sample for formatting your manuscripts.

Non-English speakers do not need to prepare a works-cited list (References) in English. It will be prepared by the technical editor.

1. ARTICLE TOPIC’S COMPLIANCE TO THE JOURNAL’S SUBJECT MATTER LIST

The ESGI journal accepts the articles compliant to the following research subject matters:

Economic Sciences

5.2.3. Regional and Sectoral Economics;
5.2.6. Management.

Philosophical Sciences

5.7.1 Ontology and Theory of Knowledge;
5.7.7 Social and Political Philosophy.

Pedagogical Sciences

5.8.2. Theory and Methodology of Education and Upbringing (by fields and levels of education).

2. METADATA

Title

Article title must: (1) showcase the essence of the study, (2) contain keywords indicative of the article contents. It must not contain: (1) references to the works cited in the articles, (2) abbreviations of general and/or special terms unconventional in scholarly discourse. Too long (more than 12…16 words) or too short (3...5 words) titles are not welcome.

Authors and Affiliations information

In Russian (beginning of the article)	In English (beginning of the article)
Abbreviated Given name and Patronymic, Full Surname Name of the organization, city, country e-mail of the corresponding author The order of authors’ mentioning is determined by the authors themselves	Abbreviated Given name and Patronymic, Full Surname Name of the organization, city, country e-mail of the corresponding author Authors should accept one variant of Latin transliteration of their surname (as a rule, this variant corresponds to the spelling of surname, first name and patronymic in the passport) and use it in all of their publications.
In Russian (end of the article)	In English (end of the article)
Full Surname, Given name, Patronymic Academic degree, position, title, Name of the organization (country, index, region, city, street, building), e-mail (if there are several authors, for all of them), author identifiers (if any)	Full Given name, abbreviated Patronymic, full Surname Academic degree, position, title, Name of the organization (country, index, region, city, street, building), e-mail (if there are several authors, for all of them), author identifiers (if any)

Affiliation is a correct, adopted by the statute official name of the authors' organization in Russian and English, city and country of the organization location.

EXAMPLE OF CORRECT AUTHOR INFORMATION SUBMISSION

For employees and graduate students of higher education institutions the indication of the department is obligatory! Names of faculties are listed if available.

Anastasia V. Zinkovskaya
Dr. Sci. (Philol.), Prof., Head of the Department of English Philology of Faculty of Romance and Germanic Philology, Kuban State University
(Russia, 350040, Krasnodar, Stavropol'skaya st., 149), anastassiat@bk.ru, SPIN code: 8691-3171.

If you work in a branch of the university, the registration is as follows:

At the beginning of the article: Kaluga Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kaluga, Russia
At the end of the article: Kaluga Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Russia, 248000, Kaluga, Bazhenova st., 2).

INDEPENDENT RESEARCHER

If you are not affiliated with the university, i.e. do not work in it, the registration is as follows:

Surname First name Patronymic
Independent Researcher, City, Country

Name P. Surname
Independent Researcher, City, Country

3. ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

Abstract is a 180…250 word description of the content of the article that is as succinct, informative, and concise as possible.

The abstract should not contain extensive additional information (biographical data, historical background, digressions, reasoning, etc.). It is recommended to use simple sentences. Text presentation is built in scientific style.

The abstract should be structured in accordance with the structure of the article, contain the main keywords and include five parts.

1. Relevance.
2. Aim (“To identify the reasons/differences...”, “To form a concept”).
3. Procedure and Methods / Methodology (“A corpus of texts was analyzed and...” / “The experiment was conducted...” / “Observation of...” / “The main content of the research is the analysis of...” / “Practical experience is generalized...” / “The views of researchers are analyzed...”).
4. Results (for empirical research) (“The conducted analysis has shown...” / “Based on the results of the study the conclusion is made about...” / “Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made about...” / “According to the conclusion of the author of the article...” / “On the basis of the study... it was established...”
5. Research implications (“Proposals on...” / “The author's revisions of the following concepts are introduced...” / “The problematics is updated...” / “It has been suggested...” / “New material on the topic under study is generalized, the … is introduced in academic discourse...”.

The volume of the abstract is 700...1000 printed characters with spaces.

The abstract is written after the manuscript of the article is finished.

KEYWORDS

6...10 basic words and 2-3 word combinations defining the subject and object of research, characterizing the main content of the article.

Keywords are included in search engines in the field of keywords, which gives them special significance. Keywords can be supplemented with terms (descriptors) that are not included in the title and abstract of the article, but expand information about its subject matter and link it to similar works in the thematic area. Within the framework of thesauruses, such terms can be categorized as generic-species and associative relations.

In English we write “Keywords” as solid word (without space).

The period after the keywords should be omitted.

The list of keywords must not include names of personalities not mentioned in the title of the article.

Author contributions (for articles written by authoring team) list the actual contribution of each of the co-authors to the work performed, which resulted in the text of the article. It is possible to choose one or more of the roles specified below. The order of specifying the authors and co-authors of the article is at the discretion of authoring team.

Research project administration.
Financial support acquisition.
Provision of resources.
Scientific supervision.
Conceptualization.
Data/evidence collection.
Formal analysis.
Data curation (see: https://pharmadvisor.ru/term/data-curation/).
Investigation.
Developing or design of methodology.
Data presentation in text (visualization, determining the number and type of tables and figures).
Computer work (typing and formatting text, setting up and using software that converts data sets into charts and graphs, automatically organizing the reference list).
Writing — original draft.
Writing — review and editing.

The author contributions can be described as suggested in Table in the following material: CRediT author statement

FUNDING, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This information is placed after the keywords.

Information about grants and other types of funding for the research is given. Forms of possible funding: from a grant; supported by a foundation; fellowship; at the authors' expense.

Acknowledgements: organizations (institutions), scientific supervisors and other persons who assisted in the preparation of the article can be named here.

Correct:

Acknowledgements. The authors thank Marko Ranneberg and Juri Buchantschenko for experimental help and Rafat Siddique for editorial handling of our manuscript. The constructive comments and helpful suggestions of three anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged.

Funding: the work has been supported by the RFBR (grant no. 15-04-00494 “N.M. Karamzin: Encyclopedic Dictionary”).

4. ARTICLE TEXT FORMATING
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ARTICLE STRUCTURE

Empirical article body

Introduction. No more than 1…1.5 pages. Justifies the relevance of the study, its novelty; gives a brief review of the literature on the research topic with the identification of the gap in knowledge and problem statement; formulates the goals and objectives of the study.

Materials and Methods. Full information about the methodology of the study is given, which allows its reproduction based on the text of the article; the description of materials, types of samples, approaches to the processing of the obtained data is given.

Results. This part of the article should have its own title or be divided into sub-parts, also with their own titles. In this part the obtained results are presented both in the text form and as illustrative material (graphs and tables).

Discussion. Interpretation of the obtained results in comparison with the hypothesis and the results of studies of other authors is given. Limitations of the study and directions for future work are reported.

The authors often combine the sections “Results” and “Discussion”, if such a combination is acceptable from the point of view of the article content.

The sections “Introduction”, “Materials and Methods” and “Results and Discussion” usually reflect most of the works cited included in the reference list. Reference to previous studies on the topic is a necessary step in justifying the feasibility of the research conducted.

Conclusion. A brief summary of the research without verbatim repetition of the formulations given in other parts of the article.

Theoretical article body

Introduction. As in the empirical article, this section of text focuses on the relevance of the research and its novelty. It is important to highlight the main trends in the study of the problem, characteristic of the current stage of development of scientific knowledge. Next, it is necessary to justify the gap in knowledge, which is designed to fill the current study. Problem statement, formulation of the purpose and research question are also mandatory steps.

The section “Materials and methods” is not provided in a theoretical article, and the body of the article is divided into thematic subsections, demonstrating the author's logic in comprehending the ongoing research. Subdividing thematic blocks in the body of the article is mandatory!

Discussion. The logic of this section in a theoretical article is similar to that in an empirical article. But in the theoretical article, the discussion of the results receives special emphasis, since knowledge in a theoretical study is conceptualized solely on the basis of previously published studies. The description of the limitations of the study also receives special emphasis because theoretical conceptualization is highly sensitive to potential limitations, and readers need an understanding of the extent to which these limitations can compromise the results presented or why they are not a barrier to perceiving the findings as validated.

Conclusion. The section involves commenting on the degree of success in achieving the stated research goal, the extent to which the results obtained were expected, as well as a description of potential applications of the knowledge gained in real practice and research. It is also important to suggest to the scientific community some directions for further research on the topic. Repetitions of text compiled from sentences of other sections of the article are inadmissible.

Review article body

Introduction. The introduction to any type of review (scoping review, subject field review, systematic review, meta-analysis, etc.) is designed to emphasize the relevance of the study and its novelty, describe the main trends in the study of the problem and justify the need to prepare a review on the selected topic. The formulation of objectives and research questions of the review is realized in the last paragraph of the “Introduction” section.

Materials and Methods. This section should contain the most detailed information about each step of the authoring team in the process of selecting sources for the review and extracting information from them. Mandatory subsections of the review include: (1) a statement about the transparency of the study and adherence to the research protocol, indicating the specific protocol name; (2) a description of the research strategy, which in turn implies a further breakdown into a description of the strategy for formulating keywords, criteria for selecting sources for analysis, the processing of each selected source, the information extracting from the sources and its conceptualization, and the software used for data visualization.

Results. This section is divided into thematic blocks according to the research areas that the authoring team has identified from the analyzed sources. The first introductory paragraph is mandatory, explaining to readers the logic of structuring the information in the section. The second paragraph of the section is traditionally devoted to the description of technical characteristics of the review (how many sources were identified in databases by keywords, how many articles were rejected by the authors at the stage of scanning titles and abstracts, how many articles were not further included in the analysis in the text of the manuscript after scanning the full text, studies distribution of by country etc.).

Discussion. In this section, the authoring team should demonstrate how the data obtained as a result of the review relate to the understanding of the problem in the literature, with reference to previous studies on the topic. The first paragraph of the section is designed to emphasize the research topic through the lens of the findings and capture the key findings at a high level of abstraction in a single sentence. Next, it is necessary to present each of the recorded significant results in a step-by-step manner, relating them to the pre-existing reading in previously published studies. A description of the limitations that can compromise the findings of the study is also mandatory. In the case of a scoping or systematic review, the fact that it relies on an internationally developed and accepted protocol (e.g. PRISMA) greatly reduces its limitations.

Conclusion. It is good practice to update the purpose of the study in this section and to abstract the results in one sentence (take away message).

Metadata after the article body

References. The references list includes literary sources used and cited in the text of the article, reflecting previous studies of other scientists as well as the article authors’ own.

Information about the authors. Full names, patronymics (if any) and surnames, e-mail addresses and ORCIDs of the authors, scientific titles, academic degrees, structural subdivisions of the organizations where the authors work or study, mailing addresses of these organizations, as well as author identifiers other than ORCID (if any: SPIN codes, Scopus ID, etc.) are given here.

ARTICLE BODY FORMATTING

1. File format. Text in the Microsoft Office Word text editor is saved with the extensions .docx, .doc, or .rtf. The rtf version of the file is obtained by conversion (export via the menu “File — Save As” — file type rtf).

2. Page parameters

paper size: A4;
all margins: 25 mm;
paragraph indent: 1.25 mm (never use tabs and spaces for paragraph indent);
text alignment: justified;
no spacing between paragraphs;
text color: auto (black);
line spacing: one and a half.
font: Times New Roman, font size: 14 pt (if the author justifiably uses another font in the manuscript (containing hieroglyphs, special symbols and signs), the file of this font should be submitted to the editorial office together with the article on an electronic medium or by e-mail).

3. Specific text formatting:

– non-breaking space: words and symbols representing unity (surname and initials, designation of century, year, units of measurement, etc.), as well as the percent mark (%) should be separated by non-breaking space (key combination Ctrl+Shift+Space). For example, 90 %, 8 mm, 300 rubles;

– quotes should be presented as: « » for Russian text and “ ” for English text (if there is a title or term inside the quotation, which are given in quotes, they are enclosed in inner quotes of another kind: “text ‘title’ text”);

– dash: use polygraphic long m-dash (—), in numerical combination without spaces (1—5, 1996—1998);

– bulleted list: when listing use only a short dash - or the black bullet mark •, for example:

• 1941—1945 — years of the Great Patriotic War

– automatic hyphenation is not allowed;

– if some text fragment is omitted in the quotation, it should be indicated by omission points within angle brackets, for example: text <...> text.

TABLE LAYOUT

1. References to figures and tables should be either indicated in brackets (Fig. 1; Table 1) or included in the text. For example: The results are presented in Fig. 1.

2. A table, figure, photo should be placed under the paragraph in which the reference to this object is first given. 3. Formatting of tables, figures (graphs, charts) and photos:

Tablitsa 1

Original table name

Table 1

English translation of table name

Source: Pocket World in Figures 2021. London: Economist Books, 2020. P. 33

(Pocket World, 2031: 33)

Explanation of reference style. The reference should be a parentethical acknowledgment of bibliographic description of the source (i.e. statistics digest), indicating the page from which the borrowing was made, or the address of the electronic resource from which the borrowing was made, or a reference to the item in the list of works cited (Historical Statistics, 2006: 25).

If the table contains figures, the source must be indicated, unless the data are the results of an empirical study conducted by the author and the results of this study are reported in the article.

The author may process published secondary data. In this case, after the word “Source” it is indicated: "calculated by the author(s) according to ...” (bibliographic description of the source, electronic address of the source or reference to the item in the works-cited list).

FIGURE LAYOUT

Option A

Fig. 1. The inflow of foreign direct investment in countries of Africa South of the Sahara in 2006-2017, % from GDP
Source: author data*
* Specified if the source of data is not obvious (it is not clear from the content of the article that it is the result of the author's research (experiments, observations)).

Option B

Fig. 2. GDP of some countries of the world in 2017, TRL. $

Source: The World in Figures: Statistical Compendium. Moscow: FSI, 2018. P. 33. (In Russian).

Please be advised!

1. Table name or figure caption should contain the units of measurement of the presented material (dollars, %, pcs., etc.)

2. Graphs should contain values that can be represented:

by values on the coordinate axis to the left, in which case the values are not indicated above the columns (option A);
by captions above the columns, in which case there is no need in drawing coordinate axis to the left and markup line under figure (option B).

3. If there are several types of hatching (filling), a legend is obligatory, by which the illustrated parameters can be identified. If the latter is not possible, the author must convert figure into table.

5. REFERENCES
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PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES IN THE ARTICLE BODY

All sources from the reference list should be linked to the text of the article through an in-text reference of the form: (Author, year). References in the text must clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited.

1. In the text of the manuscript, references to sources are made by inserting after the quoted or retold text an in-text parenthetical reference as indicated above: (Author, year). Use the normal font style (the same as for the surrounding text), not italicized nor bold, and ordinary font size (no superscript nor subscript).

2. If you need to document several sources for a statement, separate these references with a semicolon and a space, for example: (Fukuyama, 2004; Spengler, 1993).

Sample parenthetic references

Citing an entire work, including a work with no page numbers

Use in the reference the surname(s) of the person(s) (e.g., author, editor, director, translator) that begins the corresponding entry in the works-cited list, put a comma after them and indicate the publication year. If several different sources have the same year of publication, add a lowercase Latin letter after the year: (Fukuyama, 2006a; Fukuyama, 2006b). (Hegel, 1977). (Borisov, Ozhegov, Sychev, 1986). (Ushakov, comp., 1935—1940).

If your list contains more than one author with the same last name, you must add the first initial (Frolov N., Frolov V., 1957) or, if the initial is shared too, the full first name.

Citing part of a work

If you are quoting, paraphrasing, or otherwise using part of a source in the article text, put a colon after the year of publication and indicate the page or pages on which the cited part of the source appears. When referring to a whole chapter, paragraph, section, it is allowed to indicate the numbers of these parts of the book instead of the page range: (Rabkin, Greenberg, Olander, 1983: VII—IX). (Rosenthal, 2013: 121—122). (Augustine, 1998: vol. 4). (Pirogov, ed., 2024: ch. 1).

Reference to a specific page of a journal article: (Hallin, 1992: 5). (Rastimeshina, Lunkina, 2023: 204).

Citing a multivolume work

When referring to a specific page of a volume of a multi-volume edition, abbreviations of the words “volume”, ‘book’, “part”, etc. should not be given before the volume number. After the year of publication, indicate the volume number after a colon, followed by the page number (page range) after a colon: (Aristotle, 1976: 1: 63). (Lauter et al., eds, 2006: B: 2601—2609).

Citing a source described under the title

If the work is listed by title, use the title, shortened or in full; if two or more anonymous works have the same title, add a publication fact, such as a date, that distinguishes the works: (Decade, 1994). (Mahabharata, 2013: ch. 6).

Citing a work of a corporate author

If there is a corporate author, use its name, shortened or in full if it is short, while the extended corporate author names should be given in the works-cited list. An exception can be made for widely (worldwide) known collective authors: (UNESCO, 1994). (UN, 1963). (EBRD, 2024).

Citing two or more works by the same author

If two or more cited works by the same author were published in different years, the references are distinguished by adding lowercase Latin letters, as in the example above: (Fukuyama, 2006a; Fukuyama, 2006b). If there is no year of publication, the first word of the title is added to the reference designation: (Ravochkin, Influence; Ravochkin, Leisure; Ravochkin, Mediasphere).

Indirect reference (from another document)

It is strongly recommended to refer to primary sources and original publications for citation. If it is difficult or impossible and the text is quoted not from the primary source but from another document, then at the beginning of the reference the words quoted from (in case of verbatim quotation) or cited by (in case of paraphrase) are written and then after a colon (without additional brackets) the source of borrowing is indicated. Example: Pushkin considered the preface to be “empty rhetoric rather boring” (quoted from: Milchin, Cheltsova, 2014: 166).

REFERENCES: ARRANGEMENT OF ENTRIES IN THE WORKS-CITED LIST

1. List of references at the end of the article. Entries in a works-cited list are arranged in alphabetical order, which helps the reader to find the entry corresponding to a citation in the text. In general, alphabetize entries in the list of works cited by the author's last name, using the letter-by-letter system. In this system, the order of names is determined by the letters before the commas that separate last names and first names. Spaces and other punctuation marks are ignored. The letters following the commas are considered only when two or more last names are identical. Bibliographies in several languages are divided into sections and the items alphabetized in each section: first in Russian, then in other languages.

2. Page footnotes. Other (non-academic) sources are indicated in page footnotes. This applies to the following types of sources:

unpublished materials (archives, personal materials such as photos, letters, etc.);
legal sources;
language and literary material;
dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks;
newspaper articles;
materials from ordinary (non-academic) electronic sources;
religious texts.

It is recommended not to include dissertations or dissertation abstracts in the list of references if the authors of dissertations have printed works (monographs, articles in scholarly journals) containing the same material.

The web address of an article in a printed journal should be excluded from the reference if it is possible to give a full description of the printed publication:

Incorrect:

Abramov A.V. Political stratification of society: analysis of approaches // Vlast. 2010. № 9. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/politicheskaya-stratifikatsiya-obschestva-analiz-podhodov/viewer

Correct:

Abramov A. V. “Political stratification of society: analysis of approaches”. Vlast = The Authority 9 (2010): 75—77. (In Russian).

For detailed information on citing and referencing different types of sources, please refer to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th edition available online).

Economic and Social Research

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Economic and Social Research

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