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This work is the second part of the article written on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Evald Ilyenkov. It explores the nature and necessity of revisiting the past in order to, as Hegel would say, “move forward to the beginning”. The questions posed in the first part of the article are explored in more detail, particularly the issue of the contradictory nature of theoretical thought inheritance as an objective process. The theoretical and cognitive bases of the divergent positions of two eminent Soviet thinkers on the concept of the ideal are analysed, stemming from their differing interpretations of the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel. The semantic content of the categories ‘universal’ and ‘objective’ in Ilyenkov’s thought is examined in detail. The differences between his position and the views of A. A. Bogdanov, which developed in 20th-century philosophy, have been established. The main focus is on the question of how the ideal exists in nature.
Evald Ilyenkov, Mikhail Lifshitz, ideal in nature, universal, objectivity, activity, Hegel
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